怉暔僾儔儞僋僩儞偲奀悈壏搙寁

亙寧姧奀梞/崋奜丆12, 162-165, 1997亜

抮尨幚1丒戝壨撪捈旻2丒壨懞岞棽3

1 崙棫壢妛攷暔娰抧妛尋媶晹丂摿暿尋媶惗
2 杒奀摴戝妛掅壏壢妛尋媶強丂彆庤
3 杒奀摴戝妛掅壏壢妛尋媶強丂嫵庼

丂奀梞怉暔僾儔儞僋僩儞偺堦庬偱偁傞墌愇憯偼挿嵔傾儖働僲儞傪惗崌惉偡傞偑丆偦傟傜偺晄朞榓搙乮Uk37乯偼丆墌愇憯偑惗堢偟偨悈娐嫬偺悈壏忣曬傪曐帩偟偰偄傞丏懲愊暔拞偺傾儖働僲儞傪夝愅偡傞偙偲偵傛偭偰丆夁嫀偺奀梞昞憌偺悈壏曄摦傪暅尦偡傞偙偲偑壜擻偱偁傞丏

侾丏偼偠傔偵

丂悈嶻壢妛偲抧媴壢妛偺愙揰傪惍棟偡傞嶌嬈偺戞堦曕偲偟偰丆偙傟傑偱偺尋媶偺拞偱堦曽偑懠曽偵峷專偟偨尋媶椺偵偮偄偰嫇偘偰傒傞丏傑偢丆悈嶻壢妛偵懳偟偰抧媴壢妛乮偙偙偱偼抧幙壢妛偲偄偆堄枴偱梡偄傞乯偑峷專偟偨堦椺偲偟偰丆夁嫀偺抧媴娐嫬偺儗僐乕僟乕偱偁傞怺奀掙傕偟偔偼増娸偺懲愊暔偺夝愅偐傜丆ENSO側偳偺抧媴婯柾偱婲偙傞娐嫬曄摦傗儅僀儚僔偺懚嵼検偵娭偡傞楌巎揑側曄慗傪夝柧偟偨偙偲偑嫇偘傜傟傞乮椺偊偽丆Soutar and Isaacs, 1974乯丏偦傟傜偺曄摦偺廃婜惈偺夝愅偼丆悈嶻帒尮検偺彨棃梊應側偳偵桳梡側忣曬傪採嫙偟偰偒偨丏
丂懠曽丆抧媴壢妛偵懳偟偰悈嶻壢妛乮悈嶻惗暔壔妛乯偺峷專椺偲偟偰偼丆嫑夘椶傗僾儔儞僋僩儞側偳偺惗懱偵娷傑傟傞桳婡壔崌暔偺摨掕丆掕検偍傛傃偦偺惗棟妛揑側堄枴偯偗偑嫇偘傜傟傞丏怺奀掙懲愊暔拞偵偼丆偙傟傜偺僾儔儞僋僩儞傗嫑夘椶偵娷傑傟偰偄傞悢懡偔偺帀幙壔崌暔偑旝検側偑傜傕巆偝傟偰偍傝丆嬤擭偦傟傜偺慻惉傗検傪梡偄偰丆夁嫀偺奀梞昞憌乮偦傟傜偺惗暔偺惗懅応乯偺娐嫬場巕乮悈壏側偳乯傗惗暔惗嶻検傪暅尦偡傞庤朄偲側傞偙偲偑柧傜偐偵側偭偰偒偨丏杮峞偱偼丆帀幙壔崌暔偺堦偮偱偁傞傾儖働僲儞偵偮偄偰奣愢偟丆偦偺抧媴壢妛揑側堄媊偲偦偺夝愅偐傜摼傜傟偨惉壥偵偮偄偰夝愢偡傞丏

俀丏墌愇憯偑惗崌惉偡傞傾儖働僲儞

丂僉儍僺儔儕乕僈僗僋儘儅僩僌儔僼偑晛媦偟巒傔偨捈屻偺1970擭戙屻敿丆奀掙懲愊暔拞偵娷傑傟偰偄傞桳婡壔崌暔傪應掕偟偰偄偨僆儔儞僟偺僨儖僼僩岺壢戝偺僌儖乕僾偑丆崅暒揰偺帀幙壔崌暔傪曬崘偟偨乮Boon et al., 1978乯丏娫傕側偔偙傟傜偺壔崌暔偑丆扽慺悢37-39偱擇廳寢崌傪8, 15, 22, 29埵偵俀偐傜係屄傕偮乮俀-係晄朞榓乯儊僠儖偍傛傃僄僠儖働僩儞乮傾儖働僲儞偲憤徧偝傟傞乯偱偁傞偙偲偑柧傜偐偵偝傟偨乮恾侾丗de Leeuw et al., 1980乯丏偙傟偲傎傏帪傪摨偠偔偟偰丆偦偺傾儖働僲儞偑墌愇憯偺堦庬偱偁傞Emiliania huxleyi乮恾俀乯偵傛偭偰惗崌惉偝傟傞偙偲偑丆僽儕僗僩乕儖戝妛偺僌儖乕僾偵傛偭偰尒弌偝傟偨乮Volkman et al., 1980乯丏E. huxleyi偼丆奜梞堟偵偍偗傞庡梫側怉暔僾儔儞僋僩儞偺堦庬偱偁傞偺偱丆怺奀掙懲愊暔拞偵偙偺壔崌暔孮偑娷傑傟偰偄偰傕壗偺晄巚媍傕側偐偭偨傢偗偱偁傞丏偝傜偵丆惗崌惉偝傟傞扽慺悢37偺俀晄朞榓偲俁晄朞榓偺傾儖働僲儞偺斾乮晄朞榓搙乯偼丆惗堢壏搙偵埶懚偟偰曄壔偡傞偙偲偑敪尒偝傟偨乮恾俁丟Marlowe et al., 1984乯丏偡側傢偪丆悈壏偺傛傝崅偄娐嫬拞偱惗崌惉偝傟傞傾儖働僲儞偼丆傛傝梈揰偺崅偄俀晄朞榓偺憡懳擹搙偑崅偔丆傛傝掅壏偱偼俁晄朞榓偺憡懳擹搙偑傛傝崅偔側傞丏偦偺扽慺悢37偺傾儖働僲儞偵娭偡傞晄朞榓搙偼丆埲壓偵帵偡幃偱掕媊偝傟傞Uk37'偲偄偆巜昗偵傛偭偰帵偝傟傞乮Brassell et al., 1986乯丏

Uk37' = [C37:2] / ([C37:2] + [C37:3])

偙偙偱丆[C37:2]偍傛傃[C37:3]偼偦傟偧傟扽慺悢傪37屄傕偮俀晄朞榓偍傛傃俁晄朞榓偺傾儖働僲儞偺擹搙偱偁傞丏Uk37'偐傜奀悈壏乮T乯傊偺姺嶼偵娭偟偰偼丆E. huxleyi 偺攟梴幚尡偵傛偭偰寛傔傜傟偨埲壓偺傛偆側幃乮Prahl et al. 1988乯偑丆嵟傕堦斒揑偵巊傢傟偰偄傞丏

Uk37' = 0.034 亊T (亷) + 0.039

丂Uk37' = 0偍傛傃侾偺帪偺悈壏偼偦傟偧傟-1.1搙偲28.3搙傪帵偟丆尰嵼偺奀梞偱傒傜傟傞昞憌悈壏偺斖埻偲傎傏堦抳偟偰偄傞偙偲偼旕忢偵嫽枴怺偄丏堦斒偵惗懱枌乮嵶朎枌傗妀枌側偳乯傪峔惉偡傞帀幙壔崌暔偼丆娐嫬壏搙偺曄壔偵懳偟偰偦偺慻惉斾傪曄偊傞偙偲偵傛偭偰枌偺棳摦惈傪堦掕偵曐偮偙偲偑抦傜傟偰偄傞乮Quinn et al., 1981; Harwood and Russell, 1984乯丏傾儖働僲儞傕墌愇憯偺惗懱枌偺惉暘偱偁傝丆偙偺傛偆側壏搙埶懚惈傪傕偭偰偄傞傕偺偲悇應偝傟偰偄傞乮Marlowe et al., 1984乯丏

俁丏傾儖働僲儞傪抧幙妛揑尋媶偵墳梡偡傞

丂捠忢偺晄朞榓帀朾巁偵偍偄偰偼丆擇廳寢崌偼僔僗懱偱偁傞偑丆傾儖働僲儞偵娷傑傟偰偄傞擇廳寢崌偼僩儔儞僗偱偁傞偨傔暘巕偑旕忢偵挿偄傕偺偵側偭偰偄傞丏偝傜偵丆擇廳寢崌傕俈扽慺偍偒偵懚嵼偡傞偲偄偆捠忢偱偼尒傜傟側偄峔憿傪桳偟偰偄傞乮Marlowe et al., 1984丟恾侾傪嶲徠乯丏偦偺寢壥丆傾儖働僲儞偼帀朾巁側偳偵斾傋僶僋僥儕傾偵傛傞巁壔暘夝傪庴偗偵偔偔丆懲愊暔拞偱曐懚偝傟傗偡偄偨傔丆抧幙妛揑尋媶偵梡偄傞偵偁偨偭偰岲搒崌側壔崌暔偲側偭偰偄傞丏偲偼偄偊丆巁壔揑側掙憌悈偵暍傢傟偰偄傞捠忢偺怺奀掙懲愊暔偺応崌偱偼丆偦偺捈忋偺奀梞昞憌偵惗懅偡傞墌愇憯偵傛偭偰惗嶻偝傟傞傾儖働僲儞偺85%埲忋偼丆water column拞傕偟偔偼懲愊暔拞偱巁壔暘夝偟偰偄傞乮Prahl et al., 1989乯丏偟偐偟側偑傜丆俀晄朞榓偲俁晄朞榓偺傾儖働僲儞偺暘夝懍搙偼傎傏摍偟偄偺偱丆俀偮偺壔崌暔偺検斾偲偟偰偺Uk37'抣偼丆懲愊屻偺曄幙傗暘夝偵娭傢傜偢堦掕偵曐偨傟傞偙偲偑抦傜傟偰偄傞丏傑偨丆摦暔僾儔儞僋僩儞偵傛偭偰曗怘偝傟偨嵺偺徚壔夁掱偱傕曄壔偟側偄乮Volkman et al., 1980; Sikes et al., 1991乯丏偟偨偑偭偰丆惗懱偺巰屻偺條乆側曄幙傗暘夝偵娭傢傜偢丆傾儖働僲儞傪梡偄偨屆悈壏偺悇掕偼桳岠偱偁傞丏偙偺傾儖働僲儞偺晄朞榓搙傪梡偄偨屆悈壏偺悇掕曽朄偼丆嵟嬤10擭偺娫偵屆奀梞妛偺暘栰偵戝偒偔晛媦偟丆尰嵼偱偼屆悈壏傪媮傔傞嵟傕桳椡側曽朄偲偟偰峀偔巊傢傟偰偄傞丏
丂昅幰傜偼偙傟傑偱丆惣愒摴懢暯梞偍傛傃撿戝梞偱嵦庢偝傟偨怺奀掙懲愊暔僐傾拞偵傾儖働僲儞傪暘愅偟丆嵟廔昘婜埲崀偺昞憌悈壏曄摦偺暅尦傪峴偭偰偒偨丏恾係偵丆惣愒摴懢暯梞偺奀掙僐傾乮KH92-1-5cBX丟Ohkouchi et al., 1994乯偍傛傃撿戝梞丒僞僗儅儞奀戜偺奀掙僐傾乮KH94-4 TSP-2PC丟Ikehara et al., 1997乯偵偍偄偰丆幚嵺偵傾儖働僲儞傪梡偄偰夁嫀俀乕俁枩擭娫偺昞憌悈壏偺曄摦傪暅尦偟偨椺傪帵偡丏偙傟傜偺寢壥偼丆惣愒摴懢暯梞偱偼夁嫀俀枩擭娫偺昞憌悈壏偼栺28搙偱傎傏堦掕偱偁偭偨偙偲傪帵偟偰偄傞丏惣愒摴懢暯梞堟偱偼丆偙傟傑偱婔偮偐偺嵟廔昘婜偵偍偗傞傾儖働僲儞悈壏偑曬崘偝傟偰偍傝乮椺偊偽丆愇搉傎偐, 1995乯丆惣愒摴懢暯梞偼嵟廔昘婜偺嵟傕姦椻側帪戙乮栺侾枩俉愮擭慜乯偱偁偭偰傕"Warm pool"偲屇偽傟傞悽奅偱嵟傕悈壏偺崅偄奀悈傪扻偊偨奀堟偱偁偭偨偙偲傪帵嵈偟偰偄傞丏偙偺帠幚偼丆嵟廔昘婜偵偍偗傞屆婥岓偺暅尦偺傒側傜偢丆昘婜乛娫昘婜娫偵偍偗傞婥岓曄摦傪儌僨儕儞僌偡傞嵺偵廳梫側嫬奅忦審傪採嫙偡傞傕偺偱偁傞丏
丂懳徠揑偵丆撿戝梞丒僞僗儅儞奀戜堟偱偼丆嵟廔昘婜嵟姦婜偵偼屻昘婜偵懳偟偰昞憌悈壏偑栺係亷掅壓偟偰偄偨偙偲偑柧傜偐偲側偭偨丏偙偺傛偆側嵟廔昘婜偺撿戝梞偵偍偗傞悈壏掅壓偼丆撿戝梞偵尠挊偵敪払偟偰偄傞昞憌奀悈偺慜慄峔憿偑昘婜乛娫昘婜偺婥岓曄摦偵敽偭偰丆廬棃峫偊傜傟偰偒偨乮CLIMAP Project Members, 1976乯埲忋偵撿杒偵戝偒偔怳摦偟偰偄偨壜擻惈傪帵嵈偟偰偄傞丏僞僗儅儞奀戜偵偍偗傞奀掙僐傾嵦庢抧揰偼丆尰嵼偺垷擬懷廂懇慄偲嬌慜慄偺娫偵埵抲偟偰偍傝丆忋弎偺傛偆側昘婜乛娫昘婜偺悈壏曄摦偼丆嬌慜慄偺撿杒堏摦偵嫮偔巟攝偝傟偰偄傞偲敾抐偝傟傞丏尰嵼偺僐傾嵦庢抧揰晅嬤偵偍偗傞昞憌悈壏偺撿杒暘晍偵婎偯偒丆帪宯楍揑側悈壏曄摦傪堒搙曽岦偺壏搙岡攝偵懳墳偝偣偰昞憌悈夠偺撿杒堏摦傪尒愊傕偭偨寢壥丆昘婜偵偼撿嬌慜慄偑堒搙偵偟偰偍傛偦俆搙杒忋偟偰偄偨偲悇掕偝傟偨乮Ikeahara, 1997乯丏
丂偙偺傛偆偵傾儖働僲儞傪梡偄偰夁嫀偺悈壏曄摦傪暅尦偡傞偙偲偵傛偭偰丆愒摴堟偲撿戝梞乮撿敿媴崅堒搙堟乯偲偺娫偵偍偗傞悈壏岡攝偺帪宯楍揑側曄壔傪悇應偡傞偙偲偑壜擻偲側傞丏偮傑傝丆愒摴堟偼嵟廔昘婜偱傕傎偲傫偳尰嵼乮姰怴悽乯偲曄傢傜側偄悈壏暘晍偱偁偭偨偺偵懳偟丆崅堒搙偺撿戝梞偱偼昘婜偵傛傝悈壏偑掅壓偟丆傛傝姦椻側娐嫬偲側偭偰偄偨偺偱偁傞丏尵偄姺偊傞偲丆嵟廔昘婜偵偼尰嵼偺傛偆側娫昘婜偵斾傋偰丆愒摴亅撿戝梞娫偺悈壏岡攝偑戝偒偔側偭偰偄偨偲尵偊傞丏尰嵼偺奀棳宯偍傛傃偦偺忋嬻偺戝婥弞娐宯偼奀悈壏偍傛傃婥壏偺暘晍偵傛偭偰婯惂偝傟偰偄傞丏偟偨偑偭偰丆偙傟傜偺僨乕僞偵婎偯偔偲丆昘婜偵偼昞憌悈偺奀棳宯偑撿杒曽岦偵埑弅偝傟偰偍傝丆偦偺寢壥丆偙傟傜偺壏搙岡攝偺憹戝偼戝婥偺巕屵柺弞娐傪傛傝妶敪壔偝偣偰偄偨偱偁傠偆偲梊應偝傟傞丏偦偟偰丆幚嵺偵偦偺偙偲傪巜帵偡傞寢壥偑抧媴忋偺奺抧偱摼傜傟偼偠傔偰偄傞乮椺偊偽丆Ohkouchi et al., 1997乯
丂偙偺傛偆偵怉暔僾儔儞僋僩儞偑惗崌惉偡傞帀幙壔崌暔偱偁傞傾儖働僲儞偐傜丆夁嫀偺昞憌悈壏偵娭偡傞忣曬傪摼傞偙偲偑偱偒傞偙偲丆偦偟偰丆偦傟傜偺悈壏偺暅尦偑婥岓曄摦夝愅偵偲偭偰旕忢偵廳梫側曽朄傪採嫙偡傞偙偲傪帵偟偰偒偨丏尰嵼偱偼丆傛傝尩枾側壏搙僗働乕儖偺妋棫偵岦偗偨攟梴幚尡傗尰嵼偺奀梞偵偍偗傞傾儖働僲儞偺暘晍側偳傪柧傜偐偵偡傞偲偲傕偵丆傛傝屆偄懲愊暔偵墳梡偟傛偆偲偄偆帋傒偑摨帪偵峴傢傟偰偄傞丏

係丏偍傢傝偵

杮峞偱偼丆悈嶻壢妛偲抧媴壢妛偲偺娫傪嫶搉偟偡傞偨傔偺侾偮偺僸儞僩偲偟偰丆奀梞惗暔偑偮偔傝弌偡桳婡壔崌暔偑抧媴壢妛揑側尋媶偵栶棫偮堦椺傪帵偟偨丏尰嵼丆抧媴壔妛幰偺娫偱偼丆偳偺傛偆側揤慠暔桳婡壔崌暔偑娐嫬偺桳岠側巜昗偲側傝摼傞偺偐傪専嶕偟丆傑偨丆偦傟傜偑懲愊暔偲偄偆攠懱偺拞偵偳偺傛偆偵婰榐偝傟傞偺偐偵偮偄偰杮奿揑側巇帠偑巒傑傝偮偮偁傞丏傑偨丆屄乆偺惗暔庬傕偟偔偼惗暔孮偵偳偺傛偆側桳婡壔崌暔偑偳偺掱搙娷傑傟偰偄傞偐偲偄偆忣曬偼丆夁嫀偺抧媴娐嫬傪夝柧偡傞庤朄偺奐敪偺婎慴傪梌偊傞傕偺偲婜懸偝傟傞丏偙傟傜偼揤慠暔桳婡壔妛傗悈嶻惗暔壔妛偲屇偽傟傞暘栰偺嫤椡傗抦幆側偟偱偼峴偊側偄傕偺偱偁傠偆丏偙偆偄偭偨尋媶傪宊婡偵偟偰丆椉幰偑偍屳偄偵枾愙偵嫤椡偟偁偊傞尋媶懱惂丆偁傞偄偼忣曬岎姺偱偒傞応偑嶌傝弌偝傟傞側傜偽丆崱屻偺悈嶻壢妛偍傛傃奀梞壢妛丒抧媴壢妛傪傑偨偖妛嵺揑側尋媶偵敪揥偟偰偄偔偱偁傠偆丏

嶲峫暥專

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